Democracy Class 9 Question Answer SST Chapter 6 - #NCSOLVE 📚

The latest Understanding Society India and Beyond Class 9 Solutions and Class 9 Social Science SST Chapter 6 Democracy Question Answer NCERT Solutions are prepared according to the updated syllabus.

Class 9 SST Chapter 6 Democracy Question Answer

Class 9 Democracy Question Answer

The Big Questions (Page No. 137)

Question 1.
How has the idea of democracy evolved over time and shaped our understanding of it today?
Answer:
The idea of democracy has developed over a long period of time. In early Indian society, forms of collective decision-making existed through institutions like the Sabha, Samiti, and Bauddha Samghas, where people participated in discussions and decisions. Over time, foreign rule limited people’s participation, but the struggle for independence revived democratic thinking and strengthened the demand for self-rule. This process eventually led to the framing of the Constitution by the Constituent Assembly, which established India as a democratic republic based on liberty, equality, justice, and fraternity. Today, democracy is understood not just as a system of government, but as a continuous process where citizens participate through elections, rights, and active civic engagement, guided by constitutional values.

Question 2.
What are the different forms of democracy, and how are they practised in India and other parts of the world?
Answer:
The main forms of democracy are direct democracy, representative democracy, parliamentary democracy, and presidential democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens themselves take part in decision-making on important issues. This form is seen in countries like Switzerland, where people directly vote on laws and policies. In a representative democracy, people elect representatives who make decisions on their behalf. India follows this system, where citizens choose their leaders through elections. Representative democracy is further of two types: Parliamentary and Presidential. India follows a parliamentary democracy, where the executive is drawn from the legislature and remains accountable to it. The government is formed by the party or coalition that wins majority support in Parliament. In a presidential democracy, such as in the United States of America, the President is elected separately from the legislature and functions independently of it. Although these systems differ in structure, they all follow the basic democratic principle that real power lies with the people, who express their will through elections.

Question 3.
What are the essential features of a democracy and how do they extend beyond government institutions?
Answer:
A democracy is based on essential principles such as popular sovereignty, rule of law, fundamental rights, separation of powers, accountability, and transparency. These ideas make sure that authority is used fairly and that all citizens are treated equally under the law. However, democracy is not restricted only to institutions like the Parliament or judiciary. It is also visible in daily life through people’s awareness, responsible actions, participation in public matters, and respect for others’ rights and differences. Therefore, democracy works properly only when both the government system and citizens actively follow and support its values.

Question 4.
What are the challenges faced by Indian democracy?
Answer:
Indian democracy faces several challenges. Many people still do not have proper access to education, while poverty and unequal economic conditions make equal participation difficult. Social differences based on region, caste, and gender also create divisions in society. Another major concern is the spread of false information through social media and other digital platforms, which can mislead people and shape opinions incorrectly. In some cases, when laws and policies are not properly implemented, public trust in government institutions may decline. Democracy is also weakened when citizens are not aware of their responsibilities or do not actively participate in public life.

Democracy Question Answer Class 9

InText Questions

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Question 1.
The Constitution not only guarantees Fundamental Rights to citizens but also outlines their Fundamental Duties and the Directive Principles of State Policy. Discuss their significance and identify the differences among them. (Page No. 141)
Answer:
Fundamental Rights are vital as they protect the freedom, equality, and dignity of every citizen. They are legally enforceable, which means individuals can approach the courts if these rights are violated. Fundamental Duties define the moral responsibilities of citizens towards the nation, society, and the Constitution, encouraging responsible and respectful behaviour. Directive Principles of State Policy act as guiding principles for the government while framing laws and policies aimed at achieving social and economic welfare. However, they are not enforceable in courts. The main difference lies in their nature and enforceability. Fundamental Rights are legal rights protected by the courts, Fundamental Duties are moral obligations of citizens, and Directive Principles serve as guidelines for governance. Together, they ensure a balanced democratic system based on rights, responsibilities, and welfare.

Question 2.
The Right to Education (Article 21A) was added in 2009, ensuring free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14. Discuss its significance. (Page No. 141)
Answer:
The Right to Education ensures free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14 years. It helps reduce illiteracy and provides equal access to schooling for all children, especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds. It promotes equality by removing social and financial barriers to education. It also strengthens democracy by creating an educated and aware population capable of active civic participation. Overall, it supports social justice and contributes to national development.

Question 3.
The first column of the table below lists some key features of democracy in India. Fill in the second column with suitable examples from your state, town, or village. One row has been completed for you. (Page No. 145)

Answer:
In my area, Delhi, democracy is reflected in daily life through various institutions and practices that show its key features.

Features of Democracy	Examples
Popular Sovereignty	In my area, people vote in elections to choose their local representatives such as MLAs, MPs, and Panchayat members.
Rule of Law	In my area, everyone is treated equally under the law, and disputes are resolved through police stations and courts.
Separation of Powers	In my area, municipal bodies handle local issues, the Delhi government manages state matters, and courts deal with justice.
Fundamental Rights	In my area, people can freely vote, speak, follow any religion, and express their opinions without discrimination.
Accountability and Transparency	Parliamentary procedures such as Question Hour and the auditing of government accounts ensure accountability. Laws like the Right to Information provide transparency.
Multi-Party System	In my area, elections are contested by different parties like AAP, BJP, and Congress, and people choose among them.

Question 4.
Select your ideal team from the figure and give reasons for your selection. (Page No. 148)

Answer:
My ideal team would be Team B because:

• Every class gets a chance to elect its own representative.
• The class representatives then elect the Students’ Council President, making the election fair and democratic.
• The President and the representatives make decisions together, so no one person has all the power.
• Students from every class can share their ideas, suggestions, and concerns through their representatives.
• It promotes participation, representation, and collective decision-making.
• It ensures accountability, as the representatives are responsible for representing the views of their classmates.
• Therefore, Team B is the fairest, most balanced, and most democratic team.

Question 5.
Work in pairs or small groups. Choose any two of India’s neighbouring countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, or Sri Lanka) and find out the following: (Page No. 149)
(a) Does the country hold regular elections?
(b) Who chooses the Head of the Government?
(c) Is there more than one political party?
(d) How much freedom do citizens have to express their opinions and criticise the government?
(e) How would you describe this system? Give reasons for your answer.
Democratic or Partially democratic or Non-democratic
Answer:
I have chosen Nepal and China as the two neighbouring countries. I will first discuss Nepal, and then move on to China.
Nepal
(a) Yes, Nepal holds regular elections for its federal, provincial, and local governments.
(b) The Head of Government (Prime Minister) is chosen by the elected members of Parliament.
(c) Yes, Nepal has a multi-party system, where different political parties compete in elections.
(d) Citizens in Nepal have freedom of expression, and they can openly express their views and criticise the government within constitutional limits.
(e) The system in Nepal can be described as democratic because:

• Nepal holds regular elections at different levels of government, allowing people to choose their representatives.
• The Head of Government is selected by the elected members of Parliament, ensuring leadership based on public mandate.
• It has a multi-party system, which allows political competition and gives citizens different choices.
• Citizens enjoy freedom of expression and can criticise the government within constitutional limits.
• People actively participate in decision-making through the electoral process.

China
(a) China does not have regular free and competitive elections like a full democracy.
(b) The Head of Government is chosen within the single ruling party system (Communist Party of China).
(c) No, China follows a single-party system, where the Communist Party dominates politics.
(d) Citizens have limited freedom to express opinions or openly criticise the government.
(e) The system in China can be described as non-democratic because:

• China does not have regular free and competitive elections for choosing its government.
• The Head of Government is selected within a single-party system dominated by the Communist Party.
• There is no multi-party political competition, as one party holds most of the power.
• Citizens have limited freedom to express opinions or openly criticise the government.

Question 6.
A democratic system seeks to promote participation, ensure fairness, limit the concentration of power, and resolve disagreements peacefully. Identify examples from the above case study that reflect these features. (Page No. 152)
Answer:
A democratic system seeks to promote participation, ensure fairness, limit the concentration of power, and resolve disagreements peacefully. These features can be seen in the functioning of the two Gram Panchayats mentioned in the case study.

In Jethipura Gram Panchayat, participation is reflected through villagers actively taking part in Gram Sabhas and Special Gram Sabhas, where they discuss and decide on issues like education, sanitation, and welfare. Fairness is reflected as women, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes are included in decision-making. Power is not concentrated in one person, as decisions are taken collectively in meetings. Peaceful resolution is reflected as issues are solved through discussion and agreement.

In South Manubankul Gram Panchayat, participation is reflected through people’s involvement in community programmes and self-help groups, especially encouraging women to take part. Fairness is reflected in equal access to welfare schemes and focus on women- friendly development. Power is shared as decisions are made collectively by the Panchayat and people. Peaceful resolution is reflected as issues related to health, sanitation, education, and livelihoods are solved through meetings and discussions. Thus, both Gram Panchayats demonstrate democratic functioning at the local level through inclusive and collective decision-making.

Question 7.
India continues to work towards more inclusive institutions. Discuss in class the advantages of increased representation of women in the legislature. (Page No. 153)
Answer:
Increased representation of women in the legislature has many important advantages for a democratic country like India. It ensures that women get equal opportunities to participate in decision-making, making the system more inclusive and representative. Women leaders often highlight issues such as education, health, sanitation, and child welfare, which lead to overall social development. It also helps in reducing gender inequality and promotes the constitutional value of equality. When more women participate in politics, it encourages other women and young girls to take an interest in public life and leadership roles. In addition, it brings different experiences and perspectives into law-making, leading to more balanced and effective decisions. Thus, greater representation of women strengthens democracy by making it fairer, more inclusive and meaningful.

Question 8.
In small groups, identify two or three examples of information shared on social media that you believe may be misleading or false. Discuss what made you question their reliability and how such information can influence people’s opinions. Reflect on why access to accurate and authentic information is important in a democracy. (Page No. 155)
Answer:
In social media, we often come across information that may be misleading or false. For example, there are forwarded messages claiming that exam dates or results have been changed without any official announcement. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many posts were shared saying that home remedies or certain mixtures could cure the virus, which was not true. Sometimes, there are also messages saying that government schemes have been cancelled or new benefits have been added without any official confirmation. Such information can be questioned when it does not come from trusted or official sources, has no proof, or is widely forwarded without verification.

Sometimes, the content also feels exaggerated or unclear, which makes it doubtful. It can influence people’s opinions by creating confusion, fear, and false beliefs. It may also lead people to spread rumours and form wrong or biased views about important issues. Access to accurate and authentic information is very important in a democracy because it helps citizens make correct and informed decisions. When people have the right information, they can participate properly in elections and public discussions. It also prevents confusion and misuse of information, strengthens trust in government and institutions, and ensures that democracy works fairly and responsibly.

Question 9.
Observe Fig. (below) and explore the various other digital and non-digital ways through which you can participate in a democracy. (Page No. 156)

Answer:
Youth can participate in democracy in many digital and non-digital ways apart from those shown in the figure. They can take part in voting when they become eligible and encourage others to vote responsibly. They can participate in debates, discussions, and mock parliament activities in schools to understand how decisions are made in a democracy. They can also take part in community service activities such as cleanliness drives, disaster relief work, and awareness campaigns. They can interact with local representatives by sharing issues in their area and suggesting improvements.

Students can also organise or participate in press conferences or school media events to raise awareness about social issues and express opinions responsibly. Digitally, they can use social media to spread awareness on important issues, report fake news, and follow official government sources for correct information. Online petitions can also be used to support social causes. All these activities help young people become active, aware, and responsible citizens, thereby strengthening democracy.

Think About It

Question 1.
Why is it important that the ultimate source of power rests with the people in a democracy? (Page No. 140)
Answer:
In a democracy, the ultimate source of power must rest with the people because democracy is based on the principle of popular sovereignty. When power lies with the people, it ensures that the government is elected by citizens and remains accountable to them. It also prevents misuse of power and ensures that leaders work in the interest of the public. Citizens can choose their representatives and change them through elections if they are not satisfied. This makes the system fair, just, and truly democratic.

Question 2.
How does people’s participation through voting strengthen popular sovereignty? (Page No. 140)
Answer:
People’s participation through voting strengthens popular sovereignty because it allows citizens to directly choose their representatives. Through elections, people express their preferences and decide who will form the government. This ensures that the government reflects the will of the people and remains accountable to them. Regular and free elections also give citizens the power to change the government, which strengthens democracy and keeps power in the hands of the people.

Question 3.
What do you think would happen if the same organ of the government made laws, implemented them, and enforced them? Share your opinion with your classmates. (Page No. 142)
Answer:
If the same organ of the government made laws, implemented them, and enforced them, it would lead to concentration of power in one authority. This would weaken democracy as there would be no system of checks and balances. It may result in misuse of power, biased decisions, and lack of accountability. Citizens’ rights may not be properly protected, and justice may not be fair. Therefore, separation of powers is necessary for a fair and democratic system.

Question 4.
As we studied in earlier grades, the village serves as a unit of grassroots democracy in India, empowering rural communities to participate in decision-making processes. Many Indian leaders, such as Chaudhary Charan Singh and Bahu Jugjivan Ram, who emerged from these rural backgrounds, advocated for the rights of the rural poor and other marginalised sections of society. Explore and discuss the contributions of eminent Indian leaders who worked towards strengthening grassroots democracy. (Page No. 154)
Answer:
Several Indian leaders have contributed to strengthening grassroots democracy by promoting rural development and encouraging people’s participation in governance. Mahatma Gandhi strongly supported the idea of Gram Swaraj, where villages are self-reliant, and people take decisions at the local level. Vinoba Bhave promoted the Bhoodan Movement, which encouraged voluntary land donation to support landless people and reduce inequality in rural areas. Jayaprakash Narayan supported decentralisation of power and stressed the importance of people’s participation in decision-making at the village level. These efforts collectively strengthened the idea that democracy becomes more effective when power is decentralised, and decision-making reaches the grassroots level. They helped make democracy more inclusive, participatory, and connected to the real needs of rural society.

Don’t Miss Out

Question 1.
Based on the given facts and figures, imagine the strength of Indian democracy. (Page No. 150)

Answer:
These facts and figures show that Indian democracy is strong, inclusive, and well-organised. With over 96.8 crore registered voters, India conducts the world’s largest democratic exercise. Elections are held in 22 scheduled languages, enabling people from diverse linguistic backgrounds to participate. More than one million polling stations, including those in remote areas, ensure that every eligible citizen can vote. The presence of over 2,800 registered political parties reflects India’s diversity and provides citizens with a wide range of choices. Together, these features demonstrate the strength and inclusiveness of Indian democracy.

Think, Discuss, Act

Question 1.
Think: How do your actions as a student contribute to your school community and to democracy in a larger context? (Page No. 157)
Answer:
As a student, my actions contribute to my school community in real life when I follow school rules, reach classes on time, and respect my teachers and classmates. For example, when our class has group discussions or elections for class monitor, I actively participate and respect everyone’s opinion. When I help my classmates during group projects or take part in school events like cleanliness drives or Independence Day celebrations, it builds teamwork and responsibility. These small actions reflect democratic values like participation, equality, and respect. In a larger context, these habits help me understand how democracy functions in society, where citizens are expected to participate actively, respect others’ views, and contribute to collective decision-making.

Question 2.
Discuss: Talk to your classmates about a social or community issue that you care about. How can you, as a student, make a difference? (Page No. 157)
Answer:
There are many issues, but the one that bothers me a lot is bullying among students in school. Sometimes, I have seen students being teased or ignored by others, which can affect their confidence and studies. I also feel that many students do not speak up when they see such behaviour. As a student, I can make a difference by standing against bullying and supporting classmates who feel left out. For example, I can include them in group activities, speak to them kindly, and inform a teacher if the situation becomes serious. I can also encourage my friends to treat everyone with respect and avoid making fun of others. By doing these small actions in daily school life, I can help create a safe and friendly environment where everyone feels respected and included.

Question 3.
Act: Choose one activity to fulfil your civic responsibility this month. Reflect on how your actions contribute to strengthening democracy and community spirit. (Page No. 157)
Answer:
This month, I will take part in a school cleanliness drive and also help in keeping my classroom clean every day. For instance, I will make sure desks are arranged properly and no waste is left on the floor. I will also encourage my classmates to do the same. This may look like a small action, but it builds discipline, responsibility, and respect for public spaces. It also strengthens democracy because it shows active participation and care for the community, which are important democratic values.

Democracy Class 9 Questions and Answers

Questions and Activities (Page No. 158-159)

Question 1.
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:
A school cabinet was responsible for planning a Republic Day celebration, and members had different opinions on which activities to include. After a discussion, they decided to vote, and the activities supported by the majority were selected.
(a) Which democratic values are reflected in this situation?
(b) How does voting help resolve differences of opinion?
(c) Why is the majority decision important in a democracy?
(d) Mention responsibilities of elected representatives after a decision is made.
Answer:
(a) The democratic values reflected are participation, equality, discussion, majority rule, and respect for others’ opinions.
(b) Voting helps resolve differences by allowing everyone to express their choice fairly. The option supported by the majority is accepted, ensuring that decisions are made peacefully.
(c) The majority decision is important because it reflects the choice of most people. It helps in making fair decisions while respecting democratic principles.
(d) After a decision is made, elected representatives should implement it honestly, work for the welfare of everyone, remain accountable to the people, and perform their duties responsibly.

Question 2.
How would democracy be affected if citizens stopped following laws and civic responsibilities? Explain with an example.
Answer:
If citizens stopped following laws and civic responsibilities, democracy would become weak because there would be disorder, misuse of rights, and less trust in public institutions. Democracy can function effectively only when citizens obey laws, protect public property, and act responsibly. For instance, if people spread fake news on social media without checking the facts, it can mislead others, create confusion, and influence public opinion unfairly. This weakens democracy by reducing informed participation and creating distrust among citizens.

Question 3.
Which situation best reflects the idea of popular sovereignty and why?
(a) A law is passed without public discussion
(b) Citizens vote to choose their representatives
(c) A court gives a final judgment
(d) A minister takes an independent decision
Answer:
(b) Citizens vote to choose their representatives

Question 4.
The Rule of Law is violated when:
(a) Laws are applied equally to all
(b) Courts review government actions
(c) Powerful individuals are treated above the law
(d) Citizens challenge laws through legal means
Answer:
(c) Powerful individuals are treated above the law

Question 5.
Why is the Rule of Law essential for protecting democracy?
Answer:
The Rule of Law is essential for protecting democracy because it ensures that everyone is equal before the law and that no one is above it. It protects citizens’ rights, prevents the misuse of power, and ensures that justice is provided through legal procedures. This promotes fairness, accountability, and trust in the democratic system.

Question 6.
Is voting alone enough to make a country democratic? Support your answer with examples from the chapter.
Answer:
No, voting alone is not enough to make a country democratic. A true democracy also requires the Rule of Law, protection of Fundamental Rights, accountability, transparency, and active participation of citizens in public life. For example, the chapter explains that Jethipura Gram Panchayat and South Manubankul Gram Panchayat involve people in decision-making through Gram Sabhas and community programmes. It also mentions the Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005, which allows citizens to seek information from the government and strengthens accountability. These examples show that democracy is not limited to elections but also depends on active citizen participation and responsible governance.

Question 7.
Social media allows people to express opinions freely.
(a) How can this strengthen democracy?
(b) How can it weaken democracy if used irresponsibly?
Answer:
(a) Social media can strengthen democracy by giving citizens a platform to express their opinions, discuss public issues, and spread awareness about important matters. It encourages people to participate in public debates, share their views, and stay informed through authentic information. This helps citizens make informed decisions and hold the government accountable, making democracy more participatory and transparent.

(b) If used irresponsibly, social media can spread fake news, rumours, and misleading information. This can create confusion, influence public opinion unfairly, and sometimes even lead to conflicts. When people cannot distinguish between true and false information, they may make uninformed decisions and lose trust in democratic institutions. As a result, citizens may make uninformed decisions, weakening democracy and responsible public participation.

Question 8.
Write a paragraph on what democracy means to you as a young citizen.
Answer:
To me, democracy means a system where every person has equal rights, freedom to express opinions, and a fair chance to take part in decision-making. As a young citizen, I experience democracy in my daily life at school when I participate in class discussions, respect others’ views, and take part in choosing class representatives. At home, I also see democracy when my parents ask for my opinion on small decisions such as planning family outings or choosing daily routines at home. My views are considered along with others before a final decision is made. This makes me feel included and responsible. Democracy teaches me fairness, respect, and responsibility. It also reminds me to stay informed, follow rules, and contribute positively to society. In this way, democracy is not just a system of government but a way of life that helps me grow into a responsible citizen.

Question 9.
Conduct a model parliament session or Gram Sabha in class on local issues— cleanliness, responsibilities towards public property, or school safety.
Answer:
In our class, a model Gram Sabha was conducted to understand how democratic decision-making takes place at the grassroots level. The teacher acted as the Sarpanch, and students participated as villagers of a Gram Sabha meeting.
The Sarpanch (Teacher): Today, we will discuss issues related to cleanliness, public property, and school safety. You may share your suggestions freely.
Riya: Sir, our classroom and corridor often have paper waste. We should keep dustbins in every corner of the school.
Arjun: We should also make a duty chart so that students take turns in keeping the classroom clean.
Simran: Sometimes benches and chairs are damaged. We should take responsibility and protect school property.
Rahul: During breaks, students run in corridors, which can cause accidents. We should follow safety rules.
The Sarpanch then encouraged everyone to vote on the suggestions. After voting, it was decided to implement a cleanliness duty chart, place dustbins in classrooms, and follow strict safety rules in corridors. This activity helped us understand how Gram Sabhas work through participation, discussion, and voting. It also taught us teamwork, responsibility, and respect for public property, which are important democratic values.

Question 10.
Choose any one democratic institution in India (such as Parliament, Election Commission, Judiciary, or Panchayat). Prepare a short note explaining:
(a) Its role in democracy
(b) How it ensures accountability and participation.
Answer:
For this question, we have given explanations of different democratic institutions. Students may choose any one according to their preference.
Parliament
(a) The Parliament is the supreme legislative body of India. It makes laws, discusses important national issues, and represents the people of the country. It ensures that the government functions according to the Constitution and reflects the will of the people. It also plays a key role in debating policies and shaping decisions for national development.
(b) The Parliament ensures accountability through debates, discussions, and mechanisms like the Question Hour, during which Members of Parliament question ministers about their work and policies. This makes the government answerable for its actions. It also ensures participation by representing people from different regions and backgrounds, allowing their concerns to be raised in the Parliament.

Election Commission
(a) The Election Commission of India is responsible for conducting free and fair elections in the country. It ensures that elections to Parliament, State Legislatures, and local bodies are held transparently and impartially. It also regulates political parties and enforces election rules so that the democratic process functions smoothly.
(b) The Election Commission ensures accountability by strictly monitoring the conduct of elections and implementing the Model Code of Conduct for political parties. It prevents misuse of power, money, and influence during elections. It also ensures participation by providing every eligible citizen the right to vote freely and safely, so that all voices are included in the democratic process.

Judiciary
(a) The Judiciary plays an important role in democracy by interpreting the laws and ensuring justice. It safeguards the Fundamental Rights of citizens and ensures that all laws are in accordance with the Constitution. It also resolves disputes between individuals, states, and the government, and maintains the rule of law in the country.
(b) The Judiciary ensures accountability by reviewing the actions of the executive and legislature and striking down laws that violate the Constitution. It also promotes participation through mechanisms like Public Interest Litigation (PIL), which allows citizens to directly approach the courts for justice and raise issues of public importance.

Panchayat
(a) The Panchayat is the basic unit of local self-government in rural India. It works at the village level and helps in taking decisions related to local development such as sanitation, water supply, education, and welfare schemes. It brings democracy to the grassroots level by allowing people to directly participate in decision-making.
(b) The Panchayat ensures accountability by working under the Gram Sabha, where villagers can question and review its work. It also ensures participation by involving local people in meetings and decision-making processes, allowing them to express their needs and take part in planning and development activities.

Question 11.
What role does the Constitution play in strengthening democracy in India?
Answer:
The Constitution plays a crucial role in strengthening democracy in India by providing the basic framework for the functioning of the government. It guarantees Fundamental Rights to all citizens and ensures equality, freedom, and justice. It establishes democratic institutions like the Parliament, Judiciary, and Election Commission, and defines their powers and responsibilities. It also ensures the separation of powers and promotes accountability, rule of law, and free and fair elections. In this way, the Constitution protects democratic values and ensures that democracy functions fairly and effectively.

Question 12.
What challenges do you think democracy in India faces today?
Answer:
Democracy in India faces several important challenges. One major challenge is inequality in society, which affects equal opportunities for all citizens. Another challenge is illiteracy and lack of awareness, which can prevent people from making informed decisions. The growing spread of fake news and misinformation on social media also influences public opinion in the wrong way. In some cases, corruption and weak implementation of laws reduce people’s trust in democratic institutions. Social divisions based on caste, gender, and region can also create barriers to unity and equal participation. These challenges need responsible citizens and strong institutions to ensure a healthy democracy.

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