Dynamics of Population Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers SST Part 2 Chapter 6 - #NCSOLVE 📚

Students can keep Class 8 Social Science Extra Questions and Class 8 SST Part 2 Chapter 6 Dynamics of Population Important Extra Question Answer handy for quick reference during exams.

Dynamics of Population Class 8 Extra Question Answer

Extra Questions of Dynamics of Population Class 8

Dynamics of Population Class 8 Very Short Question Answer

Question 1.
What is population structure?
Answer:
Population structure refers to how a population is made up based on age, gender, education, occupation, and other characteristics. It helps in understanding the composition of people in a country.

Question 2.
Why is census important?
Answer:
Census collects official data about the size and characteristics of the population. It helps the government plan infrastructure and services.

Question 3.
Why did world population grow rapidly after the 1950s?
Answer:
Medical advancements like vaccines and antibiotics reduced deaths. Improved sanitation and nutrition also increased life expectancy.

Question 4.
What happens if fertility rate is above 2.1?
Answer:
The population is likely to grow over time. More children are born than needed to replace parents.

Question 5.
What is life expectancy?
Answer:
Life expectancy is the average number of years a newborn is expected to live. It reflects healthcare and living conditions.

Question 6.
What is child mortality?
Answer:
Child mortality refers to the number of deaths of children under five years per 1,000 live births. It indicates child health conditions in a country.

Question 7.
What causes migration?
Answer:
People migrate for better employment and education opportunities. Natural disasters and political instability may also push migration.

Question 8.
What is Stage 2 of demographic transition?
Answer:
In Stage 2, death rates fall due to better healtheare. Birth rates remain high, causing rapid population growth.

Question 9.
What does a bell-shaped population pyramid indicate?
Answer:
It indicates a more balanced population. There is a large working-age population and fewer children than before.

Question 10.
What is youth bulge?
Answer:
Youth bulge refers to a large proportion of young people in the population. It is common in countries in Stage 2.

Dynamics of Population Class 8 Short Question Answer

Question 1.
Explain birth rate and fertility rate.
Answer:
Birth rate measures the number of live births per 1,000 people in a year. Fertility rate measures the average number of children a woman has in her lifetime. Fertility rate of 2.1 is called replacement level fertility. Together they determine population growth speed.

Question 2.
How did China’s One-Child Policy affect its population?
Answer:
China introduced the One-Child Policy in 1979 to control rapid population growth. Fertility rate dropped sharply over time. The population began ageing as fewer children were born. This led to labour shortages and economic challenges.

Question 3.
Why are fertility rates declining in many countries?
Answer:
Improved access to education, especially for girls, delays marriage and childbirth. Women participating in formal jobs prefer smaller families. Urbanisation increases cost of living. These factors reduce fertility rates.

Question 4.
What is mortality rate and why is it important?
Answer:
Mortality rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a year. Lower mortality indicates better healthcare and nutrition. India reduced child mortality significantly. This improved life expectancy.

Question 5.
How does migration affect cities?
Answer:
Migration increases population in cities over time. It provides labour for industries and services. However, it creates pressure on housing, transport, and water supply. Urban congestion becomes a challenge.

Question 6.
Explain Stage I of demographic transition.
Answer:
Stage 1 has high birth and high death rates. Population growth is slow or stagnant. Poor healthcare and low literacy are common. India experienced this stage in the early 1900s.

Question 7.
Explain Stage 3 of demographic transition.
Answer:
In Stage 3, both birth and death rates are low. Urbanisation and women’s employment reduce fertility. Population growth slows down. Some countries may even experience population decline.

Question 8.
How has India’s population pyramid changed since 1950?
Answer:
In 1950, the pyramid had a wide base and narrow top. It showed high birth rates and low life expectancy. Today, the base is narrower and middle wider. This shows a large working-age population.

Question 9.
What is working-age population?
Answer:
Working-age population includes individuals aged 15-64 years. They are considered economically productive. They earn income and pay taxes. They support children and elderly people.

Question 10.
How does demographic dividend benefit a country?
Answer:
A large working-age population increases economic activity. More people work and produce goods and services. Government collects more taxes. This supports development and infrastructure building.

Dynamics of Population Class 8 Long Question Answer

Question 1.
Explain the concept of demographic transition.
Answer:
Demographic transition describes how population changes over time. It includes three stages based on birth and death rates. In Stage I, both birth and death rates are high. In Stage 2, death rates fall but birth rates remain high. This causes rapid population growth. In Stage 3, both rates decline. Some countries may experience population ageing and decline.

Question 2.
Discuss the changes in world population over time.
Answer:
World population was about 2,5 billion in 1950. It increased rapidly due to medical advancements and improved sanitation. By 2025, it reached about 8.2 billion and is expected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050. Growth has slowed in recent years. United Nations projections show a peak around the mid-2080s. After that, population may decline. Growth varies across regions.

Question 3.
Explain India’s demographic dividend.
Answer:
India has around 65 percent working-age population. This creates a demographic dividend. Young workers contribute to economic growth. They pay taxes and increase productivity. However, this opportunity is limited. After 2050, ageing may increase. Investment in education and skills is essential.

Question 4.
How does age structure influence economic needs?
Answer:
Age structure determines service requirements. A young population needs schools and childcare. A working-age population needs employment opportunities. An ageing population needs healthcare and pensions. Governments must plan accordingly. Balanced age structure supports sustainable growth.

Question 5.
Describe the importance of studying demography.
Answer:
Demography helps understand population size and composition. It guides infrastructure planning. Governments allocate resources based on population needs. Businesses use demographic data for market decisions. It helps track migration and fertility trends. It also prepares nations for ageing challenges.

Dynamics of Population Class 8 Source Based Questions

Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follow:

Question 1.
In the 1970s, the Chinese government was worried that its fast-growing popuLation would cause shortage of food, jobs, and housing. To control this, it introduced the One-child Policy in 1979, allowing most families to have only one child. Those who broke the rule faced fines or job loss.

As a result, the fertility rate in China dropped from 7.5 in 1963 to 1 in 2025. China’s population peaked at 1.43 billion in 2022 but has started to shrink. By 2050, it is projected to fall to 1.31 billion; on the other hand, people are living longer due to access to better healthcare. So, the share of elderly (those above 65 years) in the total population is expected to rise sharply, i.e., from 14 per cent in 2023 to 26 per cent in 2050.

(i) Why did China introduce the One-Child Policy in 1979?
Answer:
In the 1970s, the government of China was worried about shortages of food, jobs, and housing due to rapid population growth. To control this, it introduced the One-Child Policy in 1979. Most families were allowed to have only one child.

(ii) What impact did the One-Child Policy have on China’s population growth?
Answer:
The fertility rate in China fell sharply from 7.5 in 1963 to about I in 2025. The country’s population peaked at 1.43 billion in 2022 and has started to decline. It is projected to fall further by 2050.

(iii) How will China’s age structure change by 2050?
Answer:
Due to better healthcare, people in China are living longer. The share of elderly people (above 65 years) is expected to rise from 14% in 2023 to 26% in 2050. This shows that China’s population is ageing rapidly.

Question 2.
Population composition uses sex ratio as a key demographic indicator. Sex ratio represents the number of females per 1,000 males in the population. It is used to measure gender balance within the population and reflects the country’s socio-economic and cultural dynamics.

As per Census 2001, India’s sex ratio stood at 933 females per 1000 maIes. It improved to 943 in 2011, when women comprised 48.5 per cent of the total population. A balanced sex ratio is vital for equitable development, social stability and sustainable population growth.

(i) What is meant by sex ratio?
Answer:
Sex ratio refers to the number of females per 1,000 males in a population. It is an important indicator of population composition. It helps in understanding gender balance in a country.

(ii) How did India’s sex ratio change between 2001 and 2011?
Answer:
According to Census 2001, India’s sex ratio was 933 females per 1,000 males. It improved to 943 in 2011. This shows a gradual improvement in gender balance over the decade.

(iii) Why is a balanced sex ratio important?
Answer:
A balanced sex ratio is necessary for social stability and equal development. It promotes gender equality in society. It also supports sustainable population growth and healthy socio-economic progress.

Question 3.
In recent years, India’s population pyramid looks less like a triangle and is more bell-shaped. The base has become narrower, which means families are having fewer children than before. The middle part (working-age group) has become much wider, showing a large number of people between 15 and 60 years – this is called India’s demographic dividend, i.e. there are many young workers who can help the economy grow.

The top part is slowly getting wider too, as people live longer because of better healthcare, nutrition, and living conditions. So, over time, India’s population pyramid shows that the country has moved from a young, fast-growing population to a more balanced one, and in the future, it may start to age slowly, like what is already happening in countries such as Japan and China.

(i) Why does India’s population pyramid now look more bell-shaped instead of triangular?
Answer:
India’s population pyramid looks more bell-shaped because the number of children being born has reduced. The base has become narrower as families are having fewer children. This shows that the population growth rate is slowing down.

(ii) What is meant by India’s demographic dividend?
Answer:
India’s demographic dividend refers to the large working-age population between 15 and 60 years. This group forms the widest part of the pyramid. It can contribute greatly to economic growth if given proper education and employment opportunities.

(iii) How is India’s population pattern similar to countries like Japan and China in the future?
Answer:
The top part of India’s population pyramid is slowly widening as people are living longer. In the future, India’s population may begin to age gradually. This trend is already visible in Japan and China, where a larger share of the population is elderly.

Dynamics of Population Class 8 Picture Based Questions

Observe the graphs/table given below and answer the questions that follow:
Question 1.
The graph shows life expectancy at birth in India for males and females from 1950 to 2050.

(i) What trend is observed in life expectancy from 1950 to 2050?
Answer:
Life expectancy has steadily increased from 1950 to 2050 for both males and females. This shows improvement in overall health and living conditions.

(ii) Which gender has higher life expectancy in recent years?
Answer:
Females have a slightly higher life expectancy than males in recent years. The gap becomes clearer after 2000.

(iii) What could be the reasons for the increase in life expectancy?
Answer:
The increase is due to better healthcare, improved sanitation, vaccination, and better nutrition. These factors reduced mortality rates significantly.

Question 2.
The Table compares fertility rates with female literacy rates across selected Indian states.

State/UT	Fertility rate	Literacy rate among women (%)
Bihar	3.0	55
Uttar Pradesh	2.4	66.1
Jharkhand	2.3	61.7
Karnataka	1.7	73.4
Punjab	1.6	79.4
Delhi	1.6	83.7

Fertility rates across select countries (2000-2023)

(i) What relationship is observed between female literacy and fertility rate?
Answer:
There is an inverse relationship between female literacy and fertility rate. As female literacy increases, fertility rate decreases.

(ii) Which type of states have higher fertility rates?
Answer:
States with lower female literacy have higher fertility rates. For example, Bihar shows high fertility and low literacy.

(iii) Why does female literacy influence fertility rate?
Answer:
Educated women tend to marry later and prefer smaller families. Education increases awareness about family planning and career opportunities.

Question 3.
The population pyramid of Japan (2023) shows a narrow base and a wider upper section.

(i) Which country had the highest population in 2024 according to the graph?
Answer:
India (144 crores).

(ii) Which country had a population of 28 crores in 2024?
Answer:
Indonesia.

(iii) Compare the populations of India and China as shown in the graph. What can you infer?
Answer:
India had a population of 144 crores, while China had a population of 140 crores in 2024. This shows that India had a slightly higher population than China and was the world’s most populous country.

Class 8 Dynamics of Population Extra Questions for Practice

I. Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Demographic dividend occurs when:
(a) Birth rate is high
(b) Death rate is high
(c) Working-age population is large
(d) Elderly population is high

Question 2.
India’s fertility rate in 2025 is approximately:
(a) 5.7
(b) 3.5
(c) 2.5
(d) 1.9

Question 3.
Sex ratio measures:
(a) Number of males
(b) Females per 1,000 males
(c) Children per family
(d) Literacy rate

Question 4.
Life expectancy in India in 2024 is about:
(a) 40 years
(b) 50 years
(c) 60 years
(d) 70 years

Question 5.
Countries like Japan face challenges due to:
(a) High fertility
(b) Ageing population
(c) High child mortality
(d) High migration

Question 6.
Assertion (A): A wide pyramid base means ageing population.
Reason (R): Percentage of elderly people is less.
Options:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of(A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true hut (R) is not the correct explanation of(A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.

II. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is demographic dividend?

Question 2.
Why is sex ratio important?

Question 3.
What challenges arise from ageing population?

Question 4.
What is pension?

Question 5.
Why is demographic dividend limited?

III. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is ageing population a concern?

Question 2.
What is population composition?

Question 3.
How is life expectancy related to development?

Question 4.
Why is balanced sex ratio necessary?

Question 5.
What is median age?

IV. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the relationship between literacy and fertility.

Question 2.
Discuss challenges of migration.

Question 3.
Explain how population pyramid reflects development.

Question 4.
Discuss problems of ageing population.

Question 5.
How can developing countries harness demographic dividend?

The post Dynamics of Population Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers SST Part 2 Chapter 6 appeared first on Learn CBSE.

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